DNS servers typically use the DNS protocol, specifically the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) or TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) transport protocols, to communicate with each other and resolve DNS queries.
UDP is the most commonly used transport protocol for DNS queries. It is lightweight and faster than TCP due to its connectionless nature, which means it does not establish a persistent connection between the client and the server. DNS queries and responses using UDP are sent as individual packets, allowing for quicker exchanges.
However, in some cases, TCP may be used for DNS communication. TCP provides a reliable, connection-oriented communication, which is useful for large DNS responses that exceed the maximum size of a UDP packet. DNS over TCP is typically used when UDP is not available or when dealing with certain types of DNS queries, such as zone transfers.
DNS servers can communicate with each other using either UDP or TCP depending on the specific circumstances and configuration. UDP is the primary choice for regular DNS queries due to its efficiency, while TCP is used when specific conditions require a more reliable and connection-oriented approach.