HSBC Holdings plc, commonly known as HSBC, is a multinational banking and financial services company. It is a publicly traded company and therefore is owned by its shareholders. The ownership of HSBC is distributed among a large number of individual and institutional shareholders who hold shares of the company's stock.
As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, some of the largest institutional shareholders of HSBC include BlackRock, Vanguard Group, and Capital Group Companies. However, it's important to note that the ownership structure of a publicly traded company like HSBC can change over time as shareholders buy or sell shares.
If you are specifically inquiring about any major controlling shareholders or majority owners, as of my knowledge cutoff, there is no single company or entity that holds a controlling stake in HSBC. HSBC operates under a system of dispersed ownership, with shareholders spread across different jurisdictions and categories.