No, your friends on Facebook cannot see your Facebook Dating profile, and your Facebook Dating activity is separate from your regular Facebook activity. Facebook Dating is a feature within the Facebook app, but it operates independently of your regular Facebook profile.
When you create a Facebook Dating profile, it's only visible to other people who are also using Facebook Dating. Facebook Dating matches are based on your preferences, interests, and other criteria you set in your dating profile, and the matching process is completely separate from your regular Facebook activity and friend connections.
However, keep in mind that if you have common friends with someone on Facebook Dating, this may be displayed on their profile. This means that they will know that you have mutual friends, but they won't be able to see who these friends are unless you both choose to share that information with each other.