Can you register a TLD directly?

No, it is not possible for individuals or organizations to register a top-level domain (TLD) directly. Top-level domains are managed and administered by specialized organizations, such as domain registries and domain name system (DNS) authorities, under the oversight of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and relevant national or regional authorities.

The process of introducing a new TLD involves a structured application, evaluation, and approval process overseen by ICANN. Organizations interested in operating a new TLD must submit an application to ICANN during specific application rounds announced by ICANN. The application process includes detailed documentation, technical requirements, and financial commitments.

Once submitted, ICANN evaluates the applications based on various criteria, including technical, operational, financial, and policy considerations. ICANN may consult with relevant stakeholders, conduct reviews and assessments, and solicit public comments on proposed TLDs during the evaluation process.

If an application for a new TLD is approved by ICANN, the applicant becomes the registry operator responsible for managing and operating the TLD. The registry operator is required to enter into a contractual agreement with ICANN, known as a Registry Agreement, which defines the terms and conditions under which the TLD is operated and managed.

Once operational, the registry operator can then offer domain registration services under the new TLD to registrars and registrants. Registrars act as intermediaries between the registry operator and domain registrants, facilitating the registration, management, and renewal of domain names under the new TLD.

In summary, while it is not possible to register a TLD directly, organizations can apply to ICANN to become the registry operator for a new TLD through a structured application and evaluation process. Approved TLDs are operated and managed by registry operators in accordance with ICANN's policies, guidelines, and contractual requirements.