What types of domains require WHOIS information to be publicly available?

Several types of domains typically require WHOIS information to be publicly available:

1. **Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLDs)**:
   - Domains with extensions like .com, .net, .org, .info, .biz, and others fall under the category of gTLDs. WHOIS information for these domains is typically publicly accessible.

2. **Country Code Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs)**:
   - Many ccTLDs, such as .us (United States), .uk (United Kingdom), .de (Germany), .fr (France), and others, have WHOIS information publicly available as well. However, the regulations regarding WHOIS data may vary depending on the policies of the respective country's registry.

3. **New Generic Top-Level Domains (nTLDs)**:
   - These are newer domain extensions introduced in recent years, such as .online, .app, .club, .store, and many others. WHOIS information for nTLDs is typically publicly accessible, although privacy services may be more commonly used due to concerns about data privacy.

4. **Some Specialized Domains**:
   - Certain specialized domain extensions, such as .gov (government), .edu (education), and .mil (military), may also require WHOIS information to be publicly available due to the nature of the organizations using them.

While WHOIS information for these types of domains is generally publicly available, there are exceptions and variations in privacy regulations depending on factors such as the domain registrar, the registry, and applicable laws (such as GDPR in the European Union). Additionally, some domain owners may choose to use privacy protection services to conceal their WHOIS information, even if it is not required by the domain's registry.